Automatic switch.

The generator produces the necessary electrical power for the various power consumers (ignition, lights, engine preheat, turn signals, horn, etc.).
It is also used for charging the battery power supply that is essential at the start 

automatic switch schematic diagram

First.

The generator voltage is lower than the battery control lamp lights up.
Second.   

The alternator voltage is higher than the battery, the battery is charged. The control lamp is shorted and thus extinguished.
Engine and generally always be able to supply sufficient energy, if the alternator is not enough revolutions or stopped.
During loading, the same poles of the alternator and the battery is connected, as shown in Figure 66.
Now the alternator charge the battery only then, when the alternator voltage is higher "than that of the battery. Therefore, no fixed connection as used in FIG 66, because then, when the generator is running slowly or stops, the battery is discharged by the alternator. It is therefore a switch between battery and alternator installed that connects both, while the generator has enough power.
This is achieved by applying an automatic switch at the right times the generator on and off.
The automatic switch is usually placed on the alternator). The interior of the solenoid operating switch is seen in Fig
On a metal base plate is a vertically mounted iron core. Nearby above the core lies a spring anchor, in which a tungsten contact pin is riveted. The fixed contact is insulated from the base and the positive terminal of the battery connected. Through these contacts, the connection is enabled or broken alternator battery.
The normal schedule of an automatic switch in Figure 67 and 68 drawn.
is a tension coil, consisting of many turns of thin wire, the coil 2 with few turns of thick wire, the resilient anchor 3 and 4, the charge indicator light.
The diagram shows the current flow but not enough voltage to the battery gives'ning-tion can load, so the contacts are opened.
Enable. When we spin the alternator faster, (by giving the engine more gas), increases the generator voltage and current, the voltage in a coil to the iron core is more energized.
When the generator voltage V ± Yi higher than the battery voltage, voltage energizes the coil the iron core filled sufficient to pull the anchor to do, the voltage at which the contact closes, called circuit voltage. The dynamo-battery connection is established. The revolutions of the alternator is ± 600/min. The current course is according to .

automatic switch schematic diagram 01

The voltage coil remains energized, but the main passes through the coil to the battery. Thus, the core of the electromagnet even more energized and resilient anchor drawn with greater power, the contacts are thus more firmly pressed together (they can while driving through the vibration of the car is not open!).
Off. The number of revolutions of the alternator off, it also decreases the tension. If the alternator voltage equals the battery voltage, then there is no current through the coil (still through the coil tension!). Voltage drops more than vioeit a current of the battery by the alternator. Because the discharge in the opposite direction through the coil is, does this ratification of the coil voltage against which the resilient anchor jumps back and the contacts open. The compound dynamo battery has been disconnected.
Monitoring the working of the automatic switch. Systems with three brush dynamos are usually equipped with an ammeter. Through this ammeter we can verify that the automatic switch at the right time on or off. Is the power voltage is correct, then gradually accelerate from the current start charging some amps. The ammeter indicates a high charge current of a sudden, this is due to a high voltage circuit. • When the ammeter shows a discharge on power, this is the result of early activation of the automatic switch. The circuit voltage is then too low. The ammeter gives us an opportunity to determine whether switching off takes place at the right time. This must be a you-Schied ontlaadstroomsterkte from 2 to 4 amp (back flow or return flow).

Riehting the induced emf

The principle of the generator

A looped conductor is bent in a magnetic field between the two magnetic poles N and Z. The field direction is indicated by pijitjes. We move the conductor in the magnetic field in the direction of pijien, then it is an induced emf of induction. The direction of the induced emf, we can determine the rights terhandregel
Keep one thumb, forefinger and middle finger of the right way, d ^ t they are perpendicular to each other, with the index finger toward the field, and the thumb indicates the direction of motion, then the middle finger points toward the induced emf on. The chain is closed, then the rule also applies to the direction of flow.
Using this rule, we note that in Figure 44 in the guide along the north pole moves, the emf is opposite to that along the South Pole. By the conductors on one side connecting the two emf in series.
We are now a connection between the conductors and a power load (lamp), then formed a circle and it creates a current that makes the lamp glow. Pijien in the windings indicate the flow direction.
The flow takes place only when an emf is gei'nduceerd and this is only the case if we move the conductor, perpendicular to the direction of the force.
Pig. 46 aj show an anchor, which is only one winding is placed in order of the letters, each one is rotated 45 °. One determines for each of the positions drawn toward the emf, it appears that in this thread I for the positions b, c and d facing forward, in wire II in that positions the direction of the emf to the rear. In positions a, e and j is no emf gei'nduceerd both threads, because no lines are cut.
Searching the direction of the emf in the wire I for positions f to h, then we noticed that she was to the rear. In lead II during this half revolution the emf forward. It follows that a veil during the revolution emf in the leads has been a change of direction and also that increasing the emf in each winding support, as they are switched in series ¬ oped. This wisselinq apparently takes place when the coil positions a, e and j passes, the state,

The capacitor.

capacitor schematic diagram

capacitor schematics

capacitor schematics 01

Two mutually gei'soleerde conductive surfaces form an electric capacitor. In Figure 40, these two surfaces or plates connected to the terminals of an alternator. Once we deploy the switch vioeit there for a very short time a small current through the chain, despite the two plates are isolated from each other. There is then the insulation a shift instead of electric particles. The capacitor is charged. "The board will also increase surface particles move more electricity, so a larger load to be included. A similar result is achieved by reducing the insulation thickness.
We break the connections to the alternator and we call in a galvanometer in series with the capacitor (Fig. 41), then swinging it zai, we once again close the switch circuit.
The capacitor discharges through the meter now. The discharge flow ends when the voltage between the two plates is zero again.
If the capacitor is connected to an alternating, will alternately charge and discharge location. The capacitor plates are alternately positive and negative. This puts the chain at a constant current, the direction changes. Thus it seems as if the AC condenser, but as previously shown, it does not pass DC. :
The capacitor allows one to apply a certain amount of time a sudden release of electrical energy in the (cargo). Immediately thereafter this energy delivered (dis ¬ charge).
This is i.e. so when we flush the current flow in a sudden stop. Zeif the induction current that occurs then is absorbed by a capacitor. In an automobile plant, we use a capacitor including the coil and the electric horn and also: to. Radio system to protect against the interference effect of the break sparks formed in different devices.
A capacitor in parallel with one always turns the place of power failure.
Capacity.
The ratio between the amount of electricity displaced and the tension that prevails between the plates, called the,, capacity "of the capacitor.

This increases the metal surface is greater and (or) the insulation is thinner. The conductive surface is called,, spreads siege ", the insulation, dielectric". The unit of capacitance is the Farad (F). This unit is too large for practical use, so one uses the microfarad (/ xF)
1 ^. 0.000001 F = F. When these units are too large, then one uses the picofarad.
Pp 1 ^ F = 0.000001
The capacity is usually expressed in radio technology,, centimeters "(cm). == 1 pF 0.9 cm. •
This includes the radio-tower ontstoringscondensa applied to the spark plugs, the distributor, alternator, switches, relaisenz.
The capacitor connected in parallel with the breaker of the ignition, has a capacity ranging from 0.20 to 0.5 ¬ quality / iF.
The implementation of this type of capacitor, we ien in Fig 42.
The siege fabrics consist of long strips of tinfoil (also called staniol) or aluminum.
The insulation (dielectric) consists of very thin strips of waxed paper. The strips of tinfoil and paper are placed alternately on each other, with alternating strips of tinfoil on one side or the other surface (see Fig 43). The whole is rolled up into a tight cylinder. On both end faces of the cylinder excellent tinfoil strips form the two poles.
Then the cylinder in a closed tin van, where one of the pole contacts the wall of the van (ground contact) and the pool is re-andcs a cable attached. The remaining space is filled with paraffin, which prevents the ingress of moisture. Finally, the van closed by a lid of insulating material.